Woven fabrics are composed of longitudinal or warp threads and transverse or weft threads, interlaced with one another according to the class of structure and form of design that are desired. The terms chain or twist are applied to the warp and the warp threads are known individually as ends, while the terms picks and filling are applied to the weft threads. In the following the term threads is used in referring to warp and weft collectively, but in order to distinguish clearly one series from the other the warp threads are mostly described as 'end' and the weft threads as 'picks'.
According to weave structures woven fabrics may be conveniently divided into two principal categories as follows :
Simple Structure : In which the ends and the picks intersect one another at right angles and in the cloth are respectively parallel with each other. In these constructions there is only one series of ends and one series of picks and all the constituent threads are equally responsible for both the aspect of utility or performance in a fabric and the aspect of aesthetic appeal.
Compound Structure : In which there may be more than one series of ends or picks some of which may be responsible for the body of the fabric, such as ground yarns, whilst some may be employed entirely for ornamental purposes such as 'figuring', or 'face' yarns. In these cloths some threads may be found not to be in parallel formation one to another in either plane, and indeed, there are many pile surface constructions in which some threads may project out at right angles to the general plane of the fabric.
According to weave structures woven fabrics may be conveniently divided into two principal categories as follows :
Simple Structure : In which the ends and the picks intersect one another at right angles and in the cloth are respectively parallel with each other. In these constructions there is only one series of ends and one series of picks and all the constituent threads are equally responsible for both the aspect of utility or performance in a fabric and the aspect of aesthetic appeal.
Compound Structure : In which there may be more than one series of ends or picks some of which may be responsible for the body of the fabric, such as ground yarns, whilst some may be employed entirely for ornamental purposes such as 'figuring', or 'face' yarns. In these cloths some threads may be found not to be in parallel formation one to another in either plane, and indeed, there are many pile surface constructions in which some threads may project out at right angles to the general plane of the fabric.
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